Affirmative to Negative

Affirmative বা ‘হ্যা-বোধক’ থেকে Negative বা ‘না-বোধক’ করার জন্য নিম্নোক্ত Rules মুখস্ত করলে ৯৫% হয়ে যায়, তবে বাকী ৫% এর জন্য প্রয়োজন Vocabulary Strong করা এবং Regular Practice.

1. Using Opposite Words with 'Not'

সবচেয়ে Common/Easy way তে affirmative sentence কে negative করতে 'not' বসিয়ে opposite (antonym) of the main word (adjective, verb, or adverb) দিয়ে করা যায়।

Rule: Affirmative Word 'Not' + Opposite Word

Examples:

• Affirmative: He is an honest man.

• Negative: He is not a dishonest man.

• Affirmative: She is a sincere worker.

• Negative: She is not an insincere worker.

• Affirmative: I remembered his name.

• Negative: I did not forget his name.

• Affirmative: The water is warm.

• Negative: The water is not cold.

• Affirmative: He is a fool.

• Negative: He is not wise.

Important Opposite Words List

2. Using 'Only' or 'Alone'

Sentence এ 'only' or 'alone' থাকলে the negative form এ meaning এর উপর depend করে বিভিন্নভাবে করা যায়।

Rule A: Person or God বুঝালে – 'Only' or 'Alone' 'None but'

Examples:

• Affirmative: Only Allah can help us.

• Negative: None but Allah can help us.

• Affirmative: The brave alone deserve the fair.

• Negative: None but the brave deserve the fair.

• Affirmative: Only graduates can apply for this job.

• Negative: None but graduates can apply for this job.

• Affirmative: Only a child could do this.

• Negative: None but a child could do this.

• Affirmative: He alone survived the crash.

• Negative: None but he survived the crash.

Rule B: Thing বা যেকোনো বস্তু/অজীব কিছু বুঝালে – 'Only' →'Nothing but'

Examples:

• Affirmative: He likes only sweets.

• Negative: He likes nothing but sweets.

• Affirmative: I need only a book.

• Negative: I need nothing but a book.

• Affirmative: They eat only vegetables.

• Negative: They eat nothing but vegetables.

• Affirmative: She bought only a pen.

• Negative: She bought nothing but a pen.

• Affirmative: The box contains only toys.

• Negative: The box contains nothing but toys.

• Affirmative: Happiness is only a relative term.

• Negative: Happiness is nothing but a relative term.

Rule C: Number or Age বুঝালে – 'Only' →'Not more than' or 'Not less than'

Examples:

• Affirmative: He is only ten years old.

• Negative: He is not more than ten years old. (অথবা, He is not less than ten years old.)

• Affirmative: I have only five dollars.

• Negative: I have not more than five dollars.

• Affirmative: She ate only two apples.

• Negative: She ate not more than two apples.

• Affirmative: The team needs only three more points.

• Negative: The team needs not more than three more points.

• Affirmative: He stayed there for only a week.

• Negative: He stayed there for not more than a week.

3. Using 'must', 'have to', 'has to', or 'had to'

বাধ্যবাধকতা বুঝাতে এই modal auxiliary verbs ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Rule A (Present Tense): 'must', 'have to', or 'has to' →'cannot but' + v1 (base verb)

অথবা, 'cannot help' + (verb + -ing)

Examples:

• Affirmative: You must obey your parents.

• Negative: You cannot but obey your parents. (অথবা, You cannot help obeying your parents.)

• Affirmative: We have to leave now.

• Negative: We cannot but leave now. (অথবা, We cannot help leaving now.)

• Affirmative: He has to do the work.

• Negative: He cannot but do the work. (অথবা, He cannot help doing the work.)

• Affirmative: I must agree with you.

• Negative: I

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